As technology advances, the world
is moving to a more digital environment. We often hear three different terms in
this technological evolution: digitization, digitalization, and digital
transformation. In this article, we will differentiate these terms and identify
the relationship between the terminologies and attempt to bring some baseline
for discussions.
Let’s start with the term
Digitization: Digitization refers to
creating a digital representation of physical objects or contents. For instance, we scan a paper document and
save it as a digital document (e.g., PDF).
In other words, digitization is about converting something non-digital
into a digital representation or artifact.
Computerized systems can then use it for various purposes. Digitization is the foundation for any
digital journey.
Digitalization refers to enabling
or improving processes by leveraging digital technologies and digitized
data. Therefore, digitalization presumes
digitization. Gartner’s glossary defines
the term as using digital technologies to alter a business model and create new
opportunities for revenue and value. Examples of this would be using digitized
customer data from different sources to automatically generate insights from
their behaviour. Another would be an account department replace payment request
and approval process from a human-driven to software-driven. Digitalization
increases productivity and efficiency while reducing costs. Digitalization improves an existing business
process or processes but doesn’t change or transform them.
Digital Transformation is simply
business transformation enabled by digitalization. The primary aim is to integrate technology to
most, if not all, business operations. In digital transformation, digital
technology is incorporated into all areas of the business to fundamentally
improve efficiency in workflows and create value for customers. Cultural,
organizational, and operational changes are implemented through the integration
of digital technologies. Digital transformation allows businesses to adapt to ever-changing
industry trends and landscapes. Digital transformation takes digitization and
digitalization a step further by using digital technology to completely change
how a business operates. For example, a company might move from selling
products in stores to only selling online.
Relevance for Businesses
So, what is the relevance of
digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation for businesses? Let’s
break it down using real business scenarios:
- Digitization: Digitization is
essential for companies that want to take advantage of digital technologies.
Digitizing data makes it more accessible and easier to analyze. This is
especially important for organizations that deal with large amounts of data,
such as healthcare providers and financial institutions.
- Digitalization: Digitalization
builds on digitization by using digital technologies to improve processes and
performance. For instance, many enterprises have implemented enterprise
resource planning (ERP) systems to streamline their operations — specifically,
to manage their inventory, finances, and human resources more efficiently.
- Digital Transformation: Digital
transformation goes one step further than digitization and digitalization by
using digital technologies to create new or fundamentally different business
models. As an example, Uber and Airbnb created entirely new businesses by
leveraging digital technologies.
Companies that want to stay ahead
of the curve must understand all three concepts. By investing in technologies
that enable these processes, they can keep their business efficient, agile, and
responsive to change.